Xi Yongmei

The Institute of Genetics and Cell biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University,

 

The crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), is one of the most endangered wetland birds of the world. It has also been recognized as a key environmental indicator species and is a flagship species of both Japan and China. Historically, the reason for its imminent extinction was that it did not cope well with environmental change. Against such change the ibis has shrunk from its previously common status, to the single remnant population at the Yangxian county of China. With the conservation efforts in the past 25 years, there has been a partial numerical recovery from only two viable breeding pairs of the Crested Ibis in 1981, to the current over 800 individuals (captive and wild combined). However the wild population has so far remained a single population within Yangxian County. The first section of this seminar details the decline and the partial recovery of this key wetland species. Secondly we discuss the renewed focus upon the possibility of reintroduction of the captive ibis back into other wetland areas of its former expansive range which included 13 provinces of China, Japan and Korea and to a certain extent, Siberia. Such an endeavor, it is understood, would have to be preceded by extensive assessment and/or restoration of sufficient quality and quantity of natural wetland feeding environments. A key factor of such areas needs to be the re-establishment of sustainable low-impact agricultural practice. The location of suitable roosting and nesting environments also has to be considered. The environmental conditions of Yangxian County, as both the only location where the ibis naturally survived, and the only location of the now expanding remnant wild population, is proposed as such a model for the environmental factors the species may require. Such aspects can then be applied to the assessment of proposed sites for the reintroduction of the Ibis elsewhere.

Key words：Crested Ibis;     Recover    

 

 

浙江大学生命科学学院，遗传和细胞生物学研究所

 

朱鹮是世界上最濒危的鸟类之一，她已经被中国和日本确认为重要的环境指示物种和旗舰物种。历史上，濒临灭绝的原因是其未能适应环境的变化。在如此变化中抗争，朱鹮已经从以前的广布种聚减为残存于陕西洋县的单一种群。随着过去25年的努力，其数量已经由1981年的7只恢复到目前的约1000只（人工饲养和野生种群各约500只），然而野生种群目前仍然只分布于洋县及其周边地区。

本文的第一部分将阐述该种群的退化及恢复；第二部分将讨论关于将人工种群再引入到以前曾经分布的中国13个省份、韩国、日本和西伯利亚的湿地区的可能性。这样的努力首先需要进行对再引入恢复地的评价，如自然湿地中食物数量和质量监测；需要确立可持续的低影响农业作为该地区的重要因素；还需要考虑适宜的营巢和栖息环境。洋县作为该种群的唯一自然生存地和现在扩大了的自然种群的分布区，其环境应该是这一物种所需要的环境条件的模型。这些因素可应用于对其它可能的再引入地环境的评价。

关键词：朱鹮      恢复      再引入

 

（编辑：刘想）