Shuqing An   Baohua Guan   Changfang Zhou   Yingbiao Zhi   Shubo Fang

School of Life Science, the Institute of Wetland Ecology，Nanjing University

 

    Wetland parks, the intermediate mode between the wetland reserves which mainly protect the important wetlands and the scenic parks which mainly develop varied tourism, should sustain the primary wetland landscape, and protect the wetland ecosystem, while accelerating local economic development through eco-tourism and the other environment-friendly development modes. The design and planning of wetland parks are the fundament for the successful practice, in which the important points include the wetlands have the representative attributes both in geographical and classified dimensions, bear integrated wetland ecosystems for protection and potential distribution habitats for important species, harbor high biodiversity and rare and endangered species, while special wetland landscape and satisfactory area size are necessary; all these characteristics lead to the pressing need to protect the wetlands. The historical relics and cultural landscape on wetlands are the bases for wetland parks to develop their economy, meanwhile suitable financing pathways, convenient transportation condition, and efficient management organization indicate the practicability to setup the parks. There are no conflicts on the land authority and with the other land-use planning are the guarantees of the construction of the wetland parks. The three important goals of the wetland parks are protection and restoration of target wetlands, wise use of the wetland only by eco-tourism, and publicizing and education of wetland knowledge. The basic principles of constructing wetland parks are: ecology first, core protection; provide specific, show emphases; wise use, wealthy indigene; sustainable development, society harmony. One year long survey of the wetlands is needed before the planning of wetland parks. In the planning and design file of wetland parks the following contents should be included: the analysis and mitigating strategy of environmental stress from wetland park construction, core protection and whole restoration of the wetlands, eco-tourism planning, the relationships between the wetland park planning and the other land-use planning, and the design of publicizing and education of wetland knowledge. During the planning and practicing process, the involvement of wetland institute is certainly needed, while the action of large-scale alteration of wetland landscape and ecosystems, especially hydrological and hydrodynamic attributes, is prohibited. The government with responsibility for wetland protection should continually monitor and termly inspect the construction process to ensure the maintaining of the structures and functions of the wetlands. The government should subscribe <wetland park accord> with the management unit of the wetland park to guarantee the consistent of monitoring and inspection, no how any change of the unit. Finally, the basic survey of every wetland park should be carried out in 5 – 6 year rotation to avoid the unconscious changes of the wetland functioning.

 

 

 

Key words: wetland protection;    wetland restoration;     eco-tourism;    wetland management

 

 

 

 

 

南京大学生命科学学院湿地生态研究所

 

湿地公园应该成为湿地自然保护区（保护为主）和名胜风景区（多种旅游开发为主）之间的过渡类型，在于既维持湿地的原始风貌，充分保护湿地生态系统的同时；又采取生态旅游等环境友好的经济发展与湿地开发模式，促进当地社会经济的稳步发展。湿地公园规划与设计是其成功与否的关键，其要点是：突出湿地生态系统的地域代表性和类型代表性；湿地生态系统的完整性；湿地生物多样性、物种稀缺性、重要物种的潜在分布区；特殊的湿地景观；适宜的湿地面积。具有与湿地有关的历史遗迹、文化景观等作为发展区域经济的基础；湿地保护具有紧迫性、可行性与必要性；具有合理的资金筹措渠道；具有开展生态旅游的交通便利。稳健合理的管理机构；湿地公园建设区没有土地权属的纠纷；公园建设规划与其他区域总体规划没有矛盾。湿地公园建设的三大任务：湿地的保护与修复；以生态旅游为唯一手段的湿地合理开发；湿地知识的科普宣传与教育。湿地公园建设的总则：生态优先，核心保护；体现特色，突出重点；合理利用，致富当地；持续发展，社会和谐。湿地公园规划前至少进行1年四季的本底调查，摸清湿地的基本情况。规划书内容还必须包括：建设湿地公园后的环境压力分析与减缓对策；湿地的核心保护与全面修复规划；生态旅游规划（包括生态旅游产品及其营销策略）；湿地规划与其他规划之间的关系；湿地知识的科普宣传与教育规划等基本内容。在湿地公园建设中，必须有湿地研究部门的真正介入；如规划编制与后期的针对性科研工作。湿地公园建设与管理的注意事项包括：杜绝大规模改造湿地景观和湿地生态系统，尤其是其水文水动力条件，力争维持其原始风貌。湿地主管部门必须定期（2－3年）检查，防止因公园管理单位的无序和过度开发，使湿地公园保护湿地的主体功能被改变。在主管部门授牌的同时，需要与公园承担单位签订《湿地公园协定》，使其不因公园领导的更替而减弱湿地主管部门对公园承担单位的约束和监督。湿地公园的本底资源调查每5－6年进行一次，防止湿地的功能被无意改变。

 

 

关键词：湿地保护   湿地修复   生态旅游   湿地管理