保山青华海国家湿地公园管理中心  保山市科学技术协会

联合推出

第12期

The 12th Phase

脊椎动物.白眉鸭 Spatula querquedula

脊椎动物，鸟纲，雁形目，鸭科。白眉鸭繁殖于欧亚大陆北部，越冬于撒哈拉以南的非洲、印度和东南亚，全球约260-280万只。在中国很多地方不算很常见，繁殖于新疆和东北地区，越冬于长江以南包括台湾及海南的大部分地区，特别是东南沿海地区。迁徙时经过除西藏、青海外的大部分地区。白眉鸭最显著的特征是雄鸟头上醒目的又宽又长的白色眉纹。“白眉大侠”们似乎特别钟情于保山的奇山秀水，高黎贡山有白眉长臂猿，而青华海则有白眉鸭。白眉鸭是中国三有保护鸟类、同时受到中国和日本、中国和澳大利亚政府保护候鸟及栖息环境协定的保护。图片摄于云南保山青华海国家湿地公园。

白眉鸭属于小型鸭子，体长约40厘米。越冬野鸭大多雄鸟羽色比雌鸟艳丽，白眉鸭也不例外。白眉鸭雄鸟头部巧克力色，具有宽阔显眼的白色眉纹，一直延伸到脖子后面。胸部、背部和尾部羽色都发暗，但身体侧面具有显眼的银灰色。飞行时能看到蓝灰色的翅上覆羽。雌鸟上体黑褐色，腹部白色，下巴和喉部呈灰白色，嘴基有一不明显的白点，眉纹浅色，不像雄鸟的那么明显。白眉鸭雌鸟像绿翅鸭雌鸟，在英国常被称为“Summer Teal（夏日绿翅鸭）”，但其浅色眉纹、深色头顶和很深色的过眼纹对比更为明显。白眉鸭雌雄鸟的嘴巴都是黑色的，且具有带白色边缘的绿色翼镜。

白眉鸭繁殖期筑巢于草原、湿润草甸和芦苇沼泽，觅食于开阔的淡水湖泊、池塘、河口、芦苇沼泽和湿润草滩，也到稻田觅食。迁徙时也常见于沿海潟湖，常集群活动。与其他鸭子相比，更喜欢在植被丰富的浅水区域活动，通常白天休息，晚上觅食。主要以水生植物的叶、茎、种子为食，春夏季节也吃软体动物、甲壳类和昆虫等水生动物。多在水边浅水处以轻触水面过滤的方式觅食，很少像绿头鸭那样倒立，也不能潜水。青华海已连续两年监测到白眉鸭。

The 12th Phase

Spatula querquedula （Garganey）

Vertebrates, Aves, Anseriformes, Anatidae. Garganey breed in northern Eurasia, and overwinter in sub-Saharan Africa, India and Southeast Asia, with a global population of about 2,600,000-2,800,000. Garganey is not very common in many areas of China. They breed in Xinjiang and Northeast China and overwinters in most areas south of the Yangtze River, including Taiwan and Hainan, especially the southeast coastal areas. They pass through most areas except Tibet and Qinghai on their migration. The most distinctive feature is the male’s broad and long white eyebrow stripe. The "white-eyebrow warrior" seems to be particularly fond of Baoshan's beautiful mountains and waters, such as Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon in Galigong Mountain and Garganey in Qinghuahai. The Garganey is contained in the National List of Land Wildlife that is Beneficial or has Important Economic or Scientific Value. It is also protected by Agreement between China and Japan on the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Habitats and Agreement between China and Australia on the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Habitats. Photo taken at Qinghuahai National Wetland Park in Baoshan, Yunnan Province.

Garganey is a small duck with a length of about 40 centimeters. Most feather of the overwintering male ducks are more colorful than the females, so does the Garganey. The male has a chocolate-colored head with a broad conspicuous white eyebrow stripe that extends to the back of the neck. Their chest, back and tail are dark, but the sides of the body appear conspicuous silvery grey. When they flight, you can see the blue-gray overlying feathers of the wings. The upper body of female birds is black brown and the belly is white. Their chin and throat are grayish white, and there is an inconspicuous white spot on the corner of the beak. Their eyebrow stripe are light, not as conspicuous as the males. Females are similar to the females of the Green-winged Teal, so they are often called "Summer Teal" in the UK. But there is an obvious contrast during their light eyebrow stripe，dark crown head  and very dark eye lines. Both males and females have a black beak and green speculum with white edges.

Garganey nest in grassland, wet meadow and reed marsh during breeding period, and they forage in open fresh water lakes, ponds, estuaries, reed marsh, wet grass beach and even rice fields. During migration, they often seen in coastal lagoon areas and often in flocks. Compared with other ducks, they prefer shallow water areas with abundant vegetation, and they usually rest during the day and forage at night. They mainly eat the leaves, stems and seeds of aquatic plants, and also mollusks, crustaceans, insects and other aquatic animals in spring and summer. The way they forage is to filter food by touching the surface of the water in shallow water. They rarely stand upside down like Mallard and never dive. Garganey have been continuously monitor in Qinghuahai National Wetland Park for two years.

摄影师介绍

Introduction of the photographer

汪金芳，自由摄影人，喜欢拍摄自然生态作品，爱好观鸟，关注候鸟迁徙及栖息地保护，拍摄了很多珍贵的鸟类照片资料。他的作品《青头潜鸭》曾获得青华海鸟类摄影大赛照片组金奖。

Jinfang Wang is a freelance photographer. He likes to photograph natural ecological works and bird-watching. He pays close attention to migratory birds and habitat protection and has taken many precious bird photos. His work “The Aythya baeri” has won the gold medal in the photo group of the Qinghuahai Bird Photography Contest.

文字整理：黄木娇

海报设计：黄木娇

英文翻译：何雪、黄木娇

Text: Mujiao Huang

Poster design: Mujiao Huang

English translation: He Xue, Mujiao Huang